Learning from severe maladministration – April 2025

Taking the key lessons from our severe maladministration decisions.

About this report   

This report examines what makes good communication in complaint handling. 

Whatever the sector, poor communication can drive complaints. For social housing, with Awaab’s Law 6 months away, confident communication is essential. 

This report identifies 4 key ingredients to good communication. 

  1. Timely communication. 
  2. Transparent communication. 
  3. Tailored communication. 
  4. Tone of communication. 

We hope this report is helpful for landlords as they continue to plan for Awaab's Law.  

Learning from severe maladministration report (PDF)

Timely communication   

The first category looks at the timeliness of communications and where delays and communication vacuums can have significant impact on events and cost residents time and trouble. 

Cases highlighted in the report relating to timely communication: 

  • L&Q 202308916* 

Key learning from timely communication 

Timely communications are central to managing resident expectations and provide assurances that landlords are dealing with the problem and can resolve it effectively. It can be a key way to keep a resident satisfied if there is a complex repair or delay, with timely communication keeping them updated and less frustrated.  

Awaab’s Law is expected to implement new timescales for written communication to be sent to a resident following the report of an issue. Landlords should consider how to meet these timescales and in subsequent categories, we share some of the key learning on what may be included. 

A landlord’s complaint handling process is an essential aspect of its overall service delivery. An effective complaints process will enable a landlord to identify and address service delivery issues in a timely manner. When a landlord fails to fulfil the principles of the Complaint Handling Code, it does not allow the landlord to restore that trusting relationship with a resident. It also can prolong issues, which can lead to more complex, costly, and serious repairs being needed. 

Transparent communication   

Alongside the importance of timeliness sits transparency. Open communication can provide clarity for residents. Where this does not happen, it can cause residents significant frustration and distress 

Cases highlighted in the report relating to transparent communication: 

Key learning from transparent communication 

Transparent communication can provide reassurance for residents.  

It can also avoid confusion both between resident and landlord, and within the organisation.  

Awaab’s Law is likely to place greater expectations on landlords to communicate openly with residents about its analysis and actions to address disrepair. 

The consultation indicated minimum standards for transparent communication. Including how and when an investigation was conducted, who by, the following investigations that may be required, what was found, and whether the hazard found is likely to pose a significant risk to the household.  

Transparent communications matter not only when Awaab’s Law is applied. It is also important for the landlord to be transparent even when there are no issues identified or harm to the household present. This point was indicated in the consultation document but can be overlooked.   

Setting out a clear plan of action gives residents the confidence that landlords will deal effectively with the issues that arise from any inspection, survey, or investigation. Especially when there are vulnerabilities present in the household, this can give the resident confidence in the landlord’s actions. 

Tailored communication   

Our Spotlight report on attitudes, respect and rights, recommended landlords take a human-centric approach to communication. This means considering the individual circumstances of the household and whether this requires the landlord to adapt its service or communication. This personalisation can improve trust and shows the landlord cares. 

Cases highlighted in the report relating to tailored communication: 

  • Redbridge Council 202400614* 
  • Estuary Housing 202225058* 

Key learning from tailored communication 

Tailoring communication to the specific household should be a key consideration for landlords, with this going a long way to understanding the impact of the issues better, as well as being able to solve them. 

Where others are needed to resolve issues for residents, landlords should extend clear and effective communication to them too. This can often see delays shorten and a more joined up approach promotes trust in the repairs. 

It is also important that third parties, such as contractors, are also communicated with effectively as this can lead to delays where not managed correctly. The government’s position also states that providers should consider any accessibility and/or language needs of the resident to make sure the summary of findings can be understood. This includes that the summary can be issued electronically (for example by email) or by hard copy, depending on residents’ communication preferences and need. 

Therefore, having an understanding of this before issues arise or when they are reported should be given consideration by landlords. 

Tone of communication 

Striking the right tone is important to make sure residents feel heard, respected, and to build confidence that the landlord has listened and their actions and will resolve the problem.  

Where the tone is dismissive, defensive, or unempathetic, relationships are undermined, and the resident is more likely to escalate actions. Regardless of whether the landlord is responding appropriately. 

Cases highlighted in the report relating to tone of communication: 

  • West Northamptonshire Council 202320062* 
  • Islington Council 202319984* 

Key learning from tone in communication 

In the consultation paper for Awaab’s Law, the government set out that landlords would have to set out whether the hazard identified would pose a significant risk to the health and safety of the household.  

In instances where there are individual circumstances present in the household, this communication is vital to this judgement call by a landlord, and could, depending on risk, lead to other actions being required. 

Living with damp and mould can be distressing. This means adopting a tone which is empathic, even where the landlord does not believe it has not done something wrong and certainly avoiding being dismissive or defensive where it has. 

Centre for Learning resources 

The Centre for Learning is home to a range of high quality and accessible tools, documentation, and learning from across the sector. Find good practice examples, e-learning, microlearning, webinars, videos, toolkits and podcasts hosted by experts from the Housing Ombudsman.    

Attitudes, respect and rights key topics page 

Damp and mould key topics page 

Repairs and property condition fact sheet 

Decants key topics page 

Full learning from severe maladministration report   

Download the full learning from severe maladministration report to see the detailed case studies and outcomes.  

Learning from severe maladministration report (PDF)

*All decisions are anonymised so residents’ names are not used, but landlords are named. In some cases, we may decide not to publish a decision if it is not in the resident’s or landlord’s interest, or the resident’s anonymity may be compromised. 

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