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Occupancy rights support guide

This information is for tenants living in social housing, including councils and housing associations. If you are a leaseholder or shared owner, this information will not apply to you.

About occupancy rights

Some of your occupancy rights will depend on the type of tenancy you have, such as an assured or secure tenancy. This is because the law gives you and your landlord different rights depending on the type of tenancy you have.

Use Shelter’s tenancy checker to find out what kind of tenancy you have.

Tenancy checker - Shelter England

What is a tenancy agreement?

A tenancy agreement sets out your rights and obligations as a tenant. It is a legally binding contract.

A tenancy agreement must be provided and signed at the start of any tenancy.

It is important you understand what the tenancy agreement says and ask someone to explain it to you if you’re not sure what it means. You may want to get legal advice if you have a dispute with your landlord about your tenancy agreement.

Problems with your tenancy could include

  • Repairs

    Your tenancy agreement will explain which repairs your landlord is responsible for carrying out and what you should do. The Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 sets out repairs landlords are responsible for, regardless of what the tenancy agreement says.

    You can use the landlord’s complaint process if:

    • you disagree with your landlord about who is responsible for a repair
    • the landlord does not carry out a repair in your home or is badly done

    We consider complaints about the landlord’s handling of repairs. You can find more details in the information sheet on reporting a repair to your landlord.

    Reporting a repair support guide

  • If your landlord ends your tenancy

    If you are an assured or secure tenant, your tenancy will not expire. You can continue to live in the property if you pay your rent and do not break the rules of the tenancy agreement.

    Your landlord can only end your tenancy with a court order. It can only ask a court to end your tenancy if it follows a legal process for tenancy breaches, such as rent arrears or antisocial behaviour. Your landlord will give you a notice in writing explaining why it wants to evict you before taking you to court. You will also have a chance to defend yourself in court.

    If you have been given notice to leave your property or your landlord is trying to make you leave without a court order, you should seek independent advice from Citizens Advice or speak to your local council for housing advice.

    We cannot investigate a complaint about your landlord’s decision to issue an order asking you to leave the property. This is for a court to decide.

    Other organisations that may be able to help

  • If you want to end your tenancy

    Leaving your property does not automatically end your tenancy. If you want to end the tenancy, you must tell your landlord. Your tenancy agreement will tell you how to do this, and how much notice you need to give.

    If you are having a problem in your home, you should speak to the landlord before you decide to leave. In some cases, they may be able to put things right or move you to another property.

  • Succession (inheriting a tenancy)

    Passing a tenancy to another person at the death of a tenant is called ‘succession’. Joint tenants automatically become sole tenants when the other joint tenant dies.

    In some circumstances, the tenancy is passed on to a spouse, civil partner, or cohabitee partner who was not a tenant themselves, if the property was also their home at the time of the tenant’s death. This can also be subject to other conditions.

    There are rules about which relatives can inherit the tenancy. This depends on the type of tenancy. You should speak to your landlord or an advisory service for more information.

    We can consider complaints about how a landlord has managed a succession request.

  • Lodgers

    In most cases, secure tenants can rent a room in their home to a lodger. However, it is a criminal offence to rent out the whole of your home to someone else. You can lose your status as a secure tenant if you move out of the property or lose your tenancy all together. The council can also evict anyone living there if no one in occupation is a tenant.

    Assured tenants can usually rent a room in their home to a lodger. However, your tenancy agreement will tell you if there are any conditions around this, including whether you can sublet your home.

    You will need the landlord’s permission before you can do so.

  • Assignment

    When a tenancy is transferred to another person through an ‘assignment’, all the rights and obligations of the old tenant pass on to the new tenant. Your right to assign a tenancy, and who you can assign it to, depends on the type of tenancy you have. Your tenancy agreement may also require the landlord’s permission before you can assign your tenancy.

What to do if you’re having a problem with your tenancy

Contact your landlord to tell it about a problem with your tenancy agreement. You should:

  • ask your landlord to explain if you do not understand something in your tenancy agreement
  • check the terms of your tenancy agreement with your landlord or seek independent advice
  • let the landlord know if you need support
  • follow the landlord’s usual procedure for reporting repairs
  • tell your landlord about any issues paying your rent

What your landlord should do

Your landlord should have a published policy that explains how they will respond. This could include:

  • clearly set out any decisions about, or changes to, your tenancy agreement in writing
  • signpost you to support or advice agencies that may be able to help you
  • follow the correct process if taking legal action

Making a complaint about your landlord

Reporting a problem is different from making a complaint about your landlord.

People often call both ‘a complaint’, but they are different.

You can complain if you’re unhappy with how your landlord has handled your report.

A complaint might be about:

  • the level of investigation, response, or action taken by the landlord
  • the time it took the landlord to provide information or respond
  • any action you feel it should not have taken, or you are unhappy with

To do this, you must use your landlord's formal complaint process.

Landlords' response to formal complaints

Your landlord must reply to a complaint in line with its complaint procedure. Our Complaint Handling Code sets out the timescales a landlord must respond to a complaint.

Stage 1:

  • acknowledge the complaint within 5 working days of it being received
  • respond, in writing, within 10 working days of the date the complaint was acknowledged

Stage 2:

  • acknowledge a request to escalate the complaint within 5 working days of it being received
  • respond, in writing, within 20 working days of the escalation request being acknowledged

When to bring a complaint to us

You can bring a complaint to us for investigation if your landlord does not resolve your issues through their complaint procedure.

Tell us:

  • what went wrong
  • what your landlord should do to put things right

We need your landlord's stage 2 response before we can help. This is their final answer to your complaint.

You can refer your complaint to us within 12 months of your landlord's stage 2 response. We’re unlikely to investigate complaints referred after this deadline unless there are good reasons for the delay.

Help if your landlord does not reply to your complaint

We can help you get a response from your landlord if they do not follow their complaint procedure or our Complaint Handling Code.

Send us a copy of the complaint to your landlord. This helps us understand if your landlord follows its complaint procedure.

The easiest way to do this is by using our helpful online form. The form will ask you about your complaint and you can upload supporting evidence.

Online complaint form

Other organisations that may be able to help

Find details of advice agencies and charities, legal advice, and other helpful organisations.

Helpful links

 

You may also find these useful

Leaseholder complaints

Explore our approach to investigating leaseholder complaints.

Leaseholder complaints (opens in a new tab)

Shared ownership

Explore our approach to shared ownership complaints.

Shared ownership complaints (opens in a new tab)

Complaint handling

Find a range of learning materials on complaint handling on this key topic page.

Complaint handling resources (opens in a new tab)