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Hazards

About hazards

Our casework often shows health and safety problems in social housing. These problems – called hazards – can harm residents health if not fixed quickly.

The government lists 29 types of hazards in its Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS). Common hazards include:

  • damp and mould
  • excess cold
  • structural problems
  • pest infestations
  • fire risks

On this page, we share what we learn from our casework on hazards. To help landlords improve their services and support better outcomes for residents.

Awaab’s Law

The government introduced Awaab’s Law to better protect people living in social housing. From October 2025, landlords must fix damp and mould and emergency hazards within a set time.

From 2026 and 2027, the law will cover more hazards in the Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS).

Awaab’s Law key topics page

Guidance

Guidance on complaints involving hazards

Find out how we'll investigate complaints involving hazards, including Awaab's Law.

You'll find more about our role and the information we look for when investigating.

Guidance on hazards

Landlord expectations

Use this guide to understand what’s expected when handling reports of hazards.

It gives clear steps to manage cases effectively and meet the standards set out in the Complaint Handling Code.

Landlord expectations (opens in a new tab)

Resident support guide

Use this guide to make the complaints process easier and clearer.

It will help you understand your rights, know what steps to take, and get practical advice on hazards

Resident support guide

Reports

Spotlight report on repairs and maintenance

This report reveals a 474% increase in repair complaints.

It explores the critical role trust plays in effective repairs and maintenance. It shows the need for stronger relationships between residents, landlords, and contractors.

Spotlight report on repairs

Spotlight report on noise complaints

This report shows how noise can affect residents' wellbeing and quality of life.

Explore the range of case studies and recommendations that illustrate the severity of the problem and outline best practice solutions.

Spotlight report on noise

Spotlight report on damp and mould 

Explore our most in-depth report on damp and mould. The Spotlight report on damp and mould shares recommendations for landlords and sector-wide learning.

There are 4 chapters in the report that look at:

  • reactive to proactive
  • inferring blame to taking responsibility
  • disrepair claims to resolution
  • complaints to a learning culture
Spotlight reports on damp and mould

Learning from severe maladministration

Explore a collection of reports that reveal the most serious failings we see in landlord services. These reports highlight recurring issues in hazards such as asbestos, record-keeping, and information management.

Use this collection to learn from real cases, understand what went wrong, and apply practical lessons to improve your own services. Browse the full set of reports to find the topics most relevant to you.

Severe maladministration reports

Landlord Learning Hub

Your free training platform from the Centre for Learning 

The Learning Hub gives you easy access to expert training designed for member landlords.

Create your account today and start using a wide range of resources to strengthen your complaint handling and meet the Code’s requirements.

 

Create an account (opens in a new tab)

Podcasts

Damp and mould playlist

Explore our damp and mould podcast playlist for practical tips and real experiences.

Learn from experts and casework specialists to improve services and prevent complaints.

Listen on SoundCloud (opens in a new tab)

Case studies

These case studies come from real cases we’ve handled. You can explore all published decisions via our online decision library, which we share to stay open and transparent.

No maladministration

This case shows no maladministration. The landlord made mistakes before letting the home, but once the resident complained, it took strong corrective action, carried out repairs, and learned from the failure.

What happened:

  • the resident moved into an empty home and found several problems, including windows that would not close, holes that could let in pests, broken pipes, and damaged floors and ceilings
  • the landlord initially took no action because it relied on an old inspection report
  • after the resident made a formal complaint, a senior manager visited the home and confirmed it needed to complete repairs
  • the landlord arranged repairs to the windows, walls, smoke alarms, and ventilation
  • it planned further work, including replacing the front door and improving the heating system
  • the Chief Executive signed the complaint response and accepted the home should have been repaired before the resident moved in
  • the landlord recognised the impact on the resident and paid £250 in compensation
  • it committed to improving its checks on empty homes, showing good practice and learning from the earlier failure
Read the full report 202306960

Severe maladministration

This case shows severe maladministration. The landlord left a family living with serious damp and mould for almost 2 years and failed to act on clear evidence of risks to their health.

What happened:

  • the family lived with severe damp and mould for nearly 2 years
  • the conditions put their health at risk, especially their son, who has asthma
  • the landlord’s own inspection found blocked gutters, cracked walls, and black mould, but it still took no action
  • the landlord raised several work orders, but there are no clear records showing they completed repairs
  • the landlord carried out no follow‑up checks to confirm work had been done
  • the resident repeatedly chased the landlord, even after making a formal complaint
  • the landlord missed scheduled repair appointments
  • after our investigation, we ordered the landlord to carry out a full survey of the home
  • we required it to pay £1,800 in compensation
  • we also ordered it to produce a clear plan to fix all outstanding problems quickly
Read the full report 202338603

Resident information

Resident support guides

Use this collection of support guides to make the complaints process easier and clearer.

They will help you understand your rights, know what steps to take, and get practical advice on all aspects of complaints.

These resources will give you the confidence to raise issues and get them resolved.

Resident support guides (opens in a new tab)

When to get help from us

Not sure when to contact the Housing Ombudsman?

This page explains the right time to get help. It shows what steps you need to take first, what we can and cannot look at, and how we can support you if your landlord has not resolved your complaint.

Use it to understand your options and make sure your complaint reaches the right place.

When to get help from us (opens in a new tab)